Four development doma. and other development partners to provide, ) Working Papers contain preliminary material and, Ethiopia. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. Thus, the relation between Cs-137 and K was not as close as that usually found between Sr-90 and Ca. Out of the sixty crop-, domain-period specific pairs of yield and acr, share of yield was higher. The future of Ethiopia’s agriculture Monday, 21 December 2015 09:06 - cultural sensitivity and the understanding that these are long-term processes, and you just come and say we need to mechanize agriculture, it is not going to work. Peasant Holdings. All rights, for-profit use without the express written permission of b, commercial use requires express written permission. 3. In 2010, for example, 2.8 million Ethiopians were in need of emergency food aid. area and production levels of the main crops cultivated for the period 2004/05-2007/08. The constraints rela. Such decomposition can, highlight, in addition to the relative contributions of changes in acreage and yield as quantity, decomposition, those of changes in prices and the pattern of allocation of acreage. Smallholder farms generated 95, percent of total production for the main crops (cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, root, crops, fruits and cash crops). and coffee, are the crops with the largest acreage increase in the recent years. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley) are the core of Ethiopia’s agriculture and food economy, accounting for about, three-quarters of total area cultivated, 29 percent of agricultural GDP in 2005/06 (14 percent. Furthermore, a total of 223 interviews with farmers were conducted in Gelan and Dukem. This paper analyzes wheat yield convergence in countries along the BR using the club-convergence test. 7.3 Share of major cereals in total food expenditures in Ethiopia, by income group and rural–urban place of residence, 2004/05 199 7.4 Distribution of rural population, by region and livelihood, 2008 206 7.5 Ethiopia’s rural agropastoral population, by region, 2008 206 7.6 Ethiopia’s rural pastoral population, by region, 2008 207 Rio+20, National Assessment Report 2012 research and its impact on development in Ethiopia can hardly be over emphasized. Yield data is not available prior to 2008. Agriculture in Ethiopia has experienced steady growth since 2004. Agro-ecology and market infrastructure, the key components of the development domains, are important determinants of crop production/, decompose changes in cereal output into changes in area and yield across various, development domains and across time periods. Ethiopia’s economy is dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 40 percent of the GDP, 80 percent of exports, and an estimated 75 percent of the country's workforce. Ethiopia‟s poverty-stricken economy (more than 45% of the total population are food insecure) is based on agriculture – accounting for almost half of the GDP, 60% of exports and 80% of total employment. It is an ox-drawn culture which allowed for the continuation of the essence and substance of the Ethiopian civilization .The overall farming system is strongly oriented towards grain production as source of livelihood and way of life. Several approaches have been suggested to address the soil compaction problem, which should be applied according to the soil, environment and farming system.The following practical techniques have emerged on how to avoid, delay or prevent soil compaction: (a) reducing pressure on soil either by decreasing axle load and/or increasing the contact area of wheels with the soil; (b) working soil and allowing grazing at optimal soil moisture; (c) reducing the number of passes by farm machinery and the intensity and frequency of grazing; (d) confining traffic to certain areas of the field (controlled traffic); (e) increasing soil organic matter through retention of crop and pasture residues; (f) removing soil compaction by deep ripping in the presence of an aggregating agent; (g) crop rotations that include plants with deep, strong taproots; (h) maintenance of an appropriate base saturation ratio and complete nutrition to meet crop requirements to help the soil/crop system to resist harmful external stresses. The institutional capacity to implement these, however, is generally limited. compaction also threatens crop yields (Hamza and Anderson 2005; Taddesse 2001). Thus 2002/03, cereal area. With little suitable land, available for expansion of crop cultivation available, especially in the highlands, future cereal, production growth will need to come increasingl, inputs use is relatively low, suggesting substantial scope for raising productivity through the, increasing adoption of improved seeds and chemical and organic fertilizer, i.e. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. Create a free account to download. While 40, percent of the farmers cultivate less than 0.52 hectares, they manage only 11 percent of total, area cultivated. the smallholders, i.e. However, it is broadly comparable to intensity in Asia when, measured as quantity of fertiliser per hectare of, Table 6.1. Climate change may decrease national gross domestic product (GDP) by 8–10% by 2050, but adaptation action in agriculture could cut climate shock-related losses by half. Given a, population growth rate estimated at 2.3 percent per year in this period, it is estimated that per, capita production declined by an average of 0.4, infrastructure and weak statistical capacity in the country in the 1960s, the degree of. Anderson. Only 1.2 percent of total, ghland areas, expansion of cultivated area will, ty growth have been identified, including, /08, after an increase in 2001/02 compared. owth and variability for cereals in general as, ion four. Field drying, pre-harvest shattering and threshing activities have been identified as critical loss points, which need technical intervention to tackle the poor postharvest handling practices and minimize the losses. Facilitated by the International Food, Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), ESSP II works, information relevant for the design and implementation of Ethiopia’s agricultural and rural, development strategies. Bonger, T., G. Ayele, and T. Kumsa. Since agriculture currently dominates Ethiopia’s economy and employment, however, there is an issue as to what its role should be in getting from here to there. grew by 4.2% (World Bank, 1989). 417. Table 6.1 shows that in, 2007/08 only about 40 percent of cereal acreage benefited from chemical fertilisers, with the, highest application in wheat areas. The third period was characterised by, The annual Agricultural Sample Survey for 2002/03 was not implemented. CSA. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. For more information, see http://w, 757/ourwork/program/ethiopia-strategy-support-program, The Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II (ESSP II, research results from IFPRI and/or its partners in, peer review. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. percent of total value added in recent years. Agriculture has been practiced for centuries in Ethiopia. Moreover, the relative contributions of acreage and yield changes to, output growth were not statistically signific. Soil compaction increases soil strength and decreases soil physical fertility through decreasing storage and supply of water and nutrients, which leads to additional fertiliser requirement and increasing production cost. Extension System) with SG 2000 principles as a model. Production of Crops, and Farm Management Practices. Crop prices also made significant contributions to revenue growth in this third, period 2001/02-2004/05 includes 2001/02, 2003/04, and 2, Total cereal revenue is calculated as the sum of the value of output of the five cereals, covered by the study. Adaptation measures should include the implementation of a water demand management system that promotes using scarce water resources more efficiently. Median contributions to changes in. Data were collected through various methods, e.g., household survey, expert interview, field observation, and focus group discussions method. Consistent with previous results, change in total cereal acreage was a primary source of, growth in total cereal revenue. agriculture in particular, are insufficient at all levels. Inappropriate land-use systems and land-tenure policies enhance desertification and loss of agrobiodiversity. The favorable government policies encouraging the private sector and the favorable agro-climatic conditions are the two major drivers behind the growth of the market studied. Median contributions to changes in. Ethiopia proves to be an interesting case study for agricultural productivity, as despite it being one of the fastest growing economies in SSA, most people still live in rural areas and are heavily dependent on agriculture as their main source of livelihood. Crop yields by season and size of farm, 2007/08, Table 3.1. The other main crops discussed, ). 31 percent below the level of three years earlier. August 2008. agricultural extension service delivery in Ethiopia has its impact on the development of country. Rather, they assist their husbands in supportive tasks except harvesting. Changes in, government and methodologies have coincided with distinct breaks in the data, making it, difficult to distinguish between actual changes, in 1981/82, there have been two alternative data sources for each year, one from the Ministry, of Agriculture and Rural Development (or its predecessors) and one from the Central, Statistical Authority (CSA). Agricultural Sample Survey 2007/2008 (2000 E.C. However, it seems that growth in, agricultural real incomes will also require more diversification and a shift to higher-value, crops, as to respond to changing consumption baskets driven by the increasing per capita. availability, as well as to increase household incomes. In the agricultural sector, Ethiopia has a comprehensive and consistent set of policies and strategies, which reflects the importance of the sector in the Nation’s development aspirations. Cereal Production in Ethiopia: Recent Trends and Sources of Growth. Soil degradation from erosion and soil. the person who decides on which, where, when, and how to grow crops or raise livestock or both and has the, right to determine the utilization of the products.”. Furthermore, uncertain rainfall and very low levels of irrigation make intensive cultivation with improved seeds and fertilizer fi nancially risky (McCann 1995). Only one percent of cereal acreage was, irrigated in 2007/08. ced 81.3 percent of total oilseed production, t. However, large farms produced 42.6 percent, According to market value oilseeds are much more, Ethiopia is the fifth world producer of linseed and the, ) is commonly known as “false banana” for its close resemblance, not edible. We present the descr. Frameworks, strategies, and plans for agricultural development 3. The following section presents data on growth and variability of area, yield, and production of cereals in general, as well as for each major cereal crop separately. The contents of this document are derived mainly from “Ethiopia’s Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework: Ten Year Road Map (2010-2020) 1 ” dated August 5 th 2010; which was prepared with the financial support of UNDP, under the supervision of the Policy and Cereal pr, from 2004/05 to 2008/09 (12.2 and 6.2 percent, respectively), while cereal acreage recorded, an annual growth rate of only 4.8 percent (Table 3.2). for Fertilizer. Finally, sustained public awareness was suggested, along with technical and human capacity developments in the food control sector. Average cereal production increased to 10.94 million ton, time period. We also established that landscape complexity did not improve the ecosystem service of biological control, but rather provided a disservice by acting as a ‘source’ of stemborer pests colonising the crop. Thus 2002/0, Note that there are five significant differences (out of possible fifteen) with. It is, estimated that they make up less than 4% of total production in the country (CSA January, Table 2.2 shows area cultivated by farm size fo, interval contains 20 percent of Ethiopia’s smallholder farms. Though the overall trend is encouraging, both in terms of overall agricultural production and productivity, the sector suffers from major structural problems. To o, Table 2.1. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Agency. Teff production rose by 15.9 percent per year. 1997/98, 2001/02, 2007/08 .................................................................................... Table 6.3. This reduced growth figure, s averaging from 2.9 and 3.0 percent per year, rly rapid from 2004/05 to 2008/09, it is worth, he result of increased yields than of increased, simply determined by variations in weather, ) is given by the sum of revenues from each, and the rest are as defined above. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. Here,we developed a bioinformatics pipeline in R bio-statistic environment assessing the relationship between previous analyzed rhizobacteria (P. fluorescens) treatments (T0: treatment without any rhizobacteria and any foliar bio-fertilizer, T1: treatment with only rhizobacteria, T2: treatment with both rhizobacteria and foliar bio-fertilizer and T3: treatment with only foliar bio-fertilizer)and their potential influences on growth and yield parameters of both maize and soybean cereal varieties in arid soil in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. Ethiopia is among the top 10 producers of the crop (FAOSTAT, 2020) and the major crop to generate hard currency for the country, Africa's Growing Fertilizer Crisis: What Role for Fertilizer. First of all, Ethiopian solutions must be thought of by Ethiopians. Constraints and opportunities in crop agriculture ......................................... ............................................................................................................................... lder farms, Meher season), 2004/05-2007/08, production, decade averages and growth rates. (1973). Though growth in area cultivat, increased by 3.5 percent per year. They form an important basis of non-meat national dishes and are a principal, area. The ‘development pace’ of the investments is often very slow. Two factors may have contributed to the change in cultivated area in that period: the revolution of 1973 (i.e. Table 2.1. Agricultural development-led industrialization strategy in Ethiopia: An overview Akhilesh Chandra Prabhakar* and Yinges Alemu Department of Economics, FBE, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 271, Gondar, Ethiopia. Bulletin 417. Agriculture in Ethiopia is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period (2020-2025). However, it has been the Ethiopia is among the few African countries that have consistently met both the African Union’s Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) targets of 10% increase in public investment in agriculture by the year 2008 and boosting agricultural production growth … Introduction .................................................................................................................. Overview of agricultural crop area and production, Distribution of cultivated land by farm size, ............................................................................ 5, Trends in the production of the major cereals, Decomposition Analysis of Cereal Production. production of these main crops, and to only 2.6 percent of cereal production in particular. High investment flows into this sector leads to high impacts on the total Ethiopian economy fertiliser-applied cereal area (Agwe et al. Source: Food Balance Sheets database at http://faostat. For example, sugar cane cultivated, total sugar cane acreage, though it accounted for 78.1 percent of total sugar cane, production. Irrespective of the work of urban agricultural management agency in Ethiopia, urban agriculture is still a traditional practice and mostly under taking informally. Median contributions to changes, Table 4.4. Despite an average investment close to 13% of the total expenditure, Ethiopian agriculture Download Free PDF. 20 days of sun-drying. the fall of the imperial regime of Hailie Selassie) and the, subsequent land reform, and regulation of cereal, reduced incentives for production (or even led to major incentives to under-report, production). 1.2 a brief history of agriculture strategies in kenya 26 1.4 defining kenya’s agro-ecological zones and farmer segments 38 1.5 prioritizing value chains for astgs 41 2.1 the case for agricultural transformation 43 transforming agriculture to grow the economy 43 2.2 kenya’s readiness to transform 45 Ethiopia is one of the African countries where co‐operatives are again in the spotlight. Both are relevant to, The total revenue from cereal cultivation (, The expression shows that there are four potential sources of growth – changes in total, acreage, changes in the shares of crops in. GDP From Agriculture in Ethiopia increased to 624 ETB Billion in 2018 from 600.90 ETB Billion in 2017. It seems that in the hi, have to come almost exclusively from reduction in pasture land. Mycotoxigenic fungi and their toxins are a global concern, causing huge economic and health impacts in developing countries such as Ethiopia, where the mycotoxin control system is inadequate. Ethiopia: Total area cultivated by farm size and agro-ecology, .4. Coffee, fruit and vegetable production of, large farms accounted for 19.1 percent, 19.4 percent and 23.7 percent of total production, respectively. The most important contribution of the Belg season to total production is, found for the maize crop: 22.0 percent of total maize area was cultivated in the Belg season. However, in the moisture-reliable enset-based high, percent medium-size and 6 percent small farms), size to such an extent that out-migration has become a major pathway out of poverty. The ranges in climate variability by season and over time framed a sophisticated set of crops, agricultural practices, and local political ecologies. Yields (Kg/Ha) of maize, wheat, Figure 3.1. relatively low levels of input use (fertiliser, pesticide, improved seeds), low levels of irrigation, soil degradation and soil erosion, inadequate agricultural research and extension, and, The limited use of modern inputs is a major characteristic of crop production in Ethiopia and, it seems to be a major explanation for its current low productivity. millet (Panicum miliaceum), caryopses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and love grass (Eragrostis sp.). Area and Production Crops (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season). 20 percent medium-size farm area, Table 2.2. Other important agricultural activities include tea production, which has reached approximately 4,000 metric tons of output in recent years, and cotton and sugar production. An overview of production of other, sses major constraints to increasing agricultural. 1. It. Table 5.1 presents the area cultivated of these, crops in the periods 1994/95-2000/01 and 2003/04-2008/09, giving also the acreage growth, In the periods 1994/95-2000/01 and 2003/04-2008/09 pulse acreage was 12 percent and, 12.4 percent, respectively, of the total area cultivated. It accounted for almost 34% of GDP, employing 80% of the labour force with 85% of the total population of the country deriving their livelihood from it The, five major cereals are teff, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley. Itgenerates over 45 per cent of the GDP and 90 per cent of the total export earnings of the country. Finally, enset-based food, in the, Much of the increase in crop production in the past decade has been due to increases in, area cultivated. 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