The Union army had no regular burial details and no grave registration units, Harvard historian Drew Gilpin Faust wrote in her 2008 book, This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War.. 03/20/60 - married Andrew Fritz), Samuel David (b. The series focuses on the African American experience in and around Gettysburg, traveling back to the 1780s and expanding to the present time, each article providing descriptions of local African American people and events that shaped Gettysburg and Adams County. I not only superintended the general work on the field, but personally did the most important part myself, viz picking up the bones for, in the absence of boxes, it required one with Anatomical Knowledge, to gather all the bones; (which workmen could not do) and, regarding each bone important and sacred as an integral part of the skeleton, Ive moved them so that none might be left or lost., Had I followed the 8 or 10 hour system for a days work, it would have taken twice as long to have completed the work.My custom was by, and very often before, daybreak to start out on the field with my men and would not reach home, with precious freight, until dark, & after supper I would arrange, in proper place and order, and Label every remain or lot of remains, and then by the time I had written out the record etc. Margaret E. (b. Basil Biggs was nothing if not industrious. A Material Culture Analysis of the Report of Samuel Weaver, Gettysburg, 1864 Some years back, Civil War historian and sculptor Michael Kraus introduced me to a small gem of a document, the report of Samuel Weaver, contained within Report of the Select Committee Relative to the Soldier's National Cemetery (Harrisburg, Singerly & Myers, State Printers, 1864; you can read it online here ). Weaver must have been a compassionate man, or perhaps he sensed a future business opportunity, for he made a record of Confederate graves where . G.D. Smith, of the 4th Maine, was found with his false tooth. As many as nine rebels were accidently buried among their Yankee foes, according to the National Park Service.). Union victory. The first shipment of 708 Confederate skeletons arrived in Richmond on June 15, 1872 with five more shipments sent through October 1873 for a total of 2,935 bodies. Brother of Thomas Weaver and Richard Weaver. As the U.S. Army advanced over old battlefields during the final year of the war, it discovered that many men had been buried improperly. 3. The last exhumations undertaken that year were of North Carolina soldiers. By 1873, he had exhumed and shipped from Gettysburg the remains of more than 3,000 Southern soldiers to Richmond, Raleigh, Savannah and Charleston. . Uh-oh, overstock: Wayfair put their surplus on sale for up to 50% off. 94: How did the war dead from the Battle of Gettysburg get buried, and by whom? Two weeks later, Weaver wrote Egerton again, asking her to inquire among her friends in Richmond if there was anything more to be had from the Maury estate. Every stone at Gettysburg contains a story of valiancy and suffering. As the fighting dragged on, desperate soldiers from both sides ransacked the countryside for food and shelter. He wrote a story of grief . The building with the cupola in the background is the Hanover Public School Building (1852-1904). On June 20, 1872, a solemn procession of wagons bearing Richmonds first shipment of Confederate dead from Gettysburg made its way along Main street toward Hollywood Cemetery. Leander Warren, who helped carry the bodies from Gettysburg when he was 13 years old, recalled this arrangement in a 1936 article in the Gettysburg Star and Sentinel: Basil Biggs, colored, of Gettysburg, was given the contract for disinterring the bodies on the field. In today's post, Gettysburg Licensed Battlefield Guide Deb Novotny describes some highlights of the life of Samuel Weaver, one of . In November 1871, Mrs. E.H. Brown, secretary of the Hollywood Memorial Association (HMA) of Richmond, wrote to Dr. Weaver, who by then had returned to his academic post in Philadelphia, and asked that he meet her in Gettysburg in order to enter into arrangements and make contracts for the removal of the Confederate Virginia soldiers from Gettysburg to Richmond. She was accompanied by Captain Charles Dimmock, formerly of the Confederate Corps of Engineers, at that time city engineer of Richmond. Whatever the cause, he allowed more than a hint of frustration to seep into this letter. in Economics from the University of Virginia and an MBA from Dartmouth College. It would turn out that Biggs had moved his family into the epicenter of the conflict! From there, the escaped slaves would flee to Canadaand freedom. Born 3 Aug 1600 in Cardigan Parish, Shropshire, England. In his report, Weaver explained the process. Her thesis A Question of Life or Death: Suicide and Survival in the Union Army examines wartime suicide among Union soldiers, its causes, and the reasons that army saw a relatively low suicide rate. We may earn a commission from links on this page. The routes were treacherous and rife with slave catchers and informants. The Richmond ladies sent him payments totaling $2,800, but still owed $6,000 for the work. Why didnt Weaver sue the HMA for the money he was owed? in History from West Virginia University in May 2012. Child of Jacob Weber but all of Jacob's children were given the name "Weaver". The obituary says nothing, however, about his selfless efforts to return the Confederate dead at Gettysburg to their native soil, efforts that went largely unrewarded. His efforts are noted on a beautiful monument erected in Raleighs Oakwood Cemetery in 1997, where 137 sets of remains that Weaver recovered were reinterred in 1871. Samuel supervised the operation in which the remains of over 3,500 Union soldiers were exhumed and then reburied in the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Past Addresses: Homes, Rental Properties, businesses, apartments, condos and/or other real estate associated with Samuel Weaver in Gettysburg, PA. 5313 Madison St New Port Richey FL 34652 9328 Adler St New Port Richey FL 34654 139 S Washington St Gettysburg PA 17325 659 Madison Ave York PA 17404 228 York St By the spring of 1871, he was a lecturer in anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College. A (Macabre) Family Affair: The Weavers and the Gettysburg Dead, construct the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Civil Discourse: A Blog of the Civil War Era. A separate contractor reburied the bodies in the new cemetery, three feet down and side by side. newsletter for the best of the past, delivered every Monday and Thursday. Editors note:For those who are wondering about the retro title of this black-history series, please take a moment to learn about historianJoel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book100 Amazing Facts About the Negro With Complete Proof,to whom these amazing facts are an homage. Despite the money still owed to him, Weaver commenced work again in the spring of 1873, shipping 333 sets of remains on May 17 in time for the Memorial Day celebration on Gettysburg Hill. The second best result is Samuel W Weaver age 70s in Coal Township, PA. Samuel is related to Geraldine T Weaver and Eric S Weaver as well as 2 additional people. Mystery surrounds the infamous burning of the Reichstag in 1933. These 7 Foreigners Helped Win the American Revolution. It was a bloodbath. What set them apart from neighbors such as Joseph Sherfy and William Bliss was that they were Black. And regarding each bone important and sacred as an integral part of the skeleton, I removed them so that none might be left or lost.. So in 1866, just a year after the end of the Civil War, Biggs and others formed the Sons of Good Will, a benevolent association rallying around the cry We must find a place to bury our dead, according to a June 27, 2013, report by Cara Anthony in the Frederick News-Post. To this point, apparently Weaver had been charged only with recovering identified remains (although the North Carolina shipment included 14 sets that were unidentified). He exhumed from the battlefield and shipped south, mainly to Richmond, the bodies of thousands of rebels so many that Richmonds Hollywood Cemetery has a Gettysburg Hill. Every now and then I read in the papers of work going on in raising money for the erection of monuments etc. - $27.27. FOR SALE! He wrote of the anguish of those who had a father, son or brother vanish on the battlefield. Like the dead soldiers her great-great grandfather tended to in the cemeteries there, family stories first had to be unearthed and brought back to the light before they could be properly honored. (Confederates werent provided for in the cemetery, although according to the National Park Service, a few ended up there anyway.) How could an obligation of this size have been created? This rankled many Southerners, so the ladies of the South took it upon themselves to care for the fallen as they had cared for the wounded soldiers who had fought for the Cause.. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. While it is probable that she became acquainted with the ladies of the HMA through her association with the Southern Relief Fair, it is unclear how she became acquainted with Weaver. Soldiers were generally buried where they fell, and any farmers field was likely to contain a grave. view on February 6, 1864. Egerton responded by calling upon a number of people in Richmond whom she thought might have some influence in the matter, among them Stiles and Dr. Hunter McGuire, and members of the now-revived HMA. Campbell of Savannah on October 9, 1871, Weaver wrote that he hoped the ladies of Savannah and Raleigh would be able to procure enough aid to allow them to send for their unknown dead in the spring. Gettysburg was founded in 1786 and named after Samuel Gettys, an early settler and tavern owner. About a decade later . 13, 1811] The majority of those remains were retrieved from the Rose Farm, across which Brig. How it ended. Learn more about merges. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Bare trees and a schoolhouse are in the background, along with several children who are watching. This Republic of Suffering. He also was a skilled veterinarian, hired to treat animals on farms in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Having been first organized when Virginia was under military rule, [the HMA] had never been incorporated.Having no corporate body to sue, his only recourse would be to sue the ladies individually or continue to rely on their sense of honor. To that end, the Sons of Good Will put up the money to buy half an acre, which, to echo Lincolns Gettysburg Address, would provide for black soldiers a final resting place for those who gave their lives that that nation might live. They called it theSons of Good Will Cemetery, which, over time, came to be known as Lincoln Cemetery. Round 1 - Dylan Weaver (Shenandoah University) 22-8 won by decision over Eli Crum (Lycoming College) 1-2 (Dec 7-3) Southern armies were in a similar predicament. Although known primarily for its proximity to the battlefield, the Borough of 7620 residents is also . Years later, in an article in the Cleveland Gazette on June 18, 1892, a Mr. Scotland told of his encounter with Biggs while visiting Gettysburg: He is a veterinary surgeon and is reputed to be the wealthiest Afro-American in Gettysburg. According to historian Caroline E. Janney, it was less risky for women to memorialize the dead because it was within the established female sphere to bury and mourn deceased relatives. (Hanover Area Historical Society, Hanover, PA /Hanover Area Historical Society, Hanover, PA). So, after the Sons of Good Will opened Lincoln Cemetery, were black soldiers later buried in the Gettysburg National Cemetery that Biggs had helped consecrate during the Civil War? Reared in Gettysburg, Levi enlisted in Company I of the 127th Pennsylvania in August 1862. A second shipment of 882 remains was sent August 3, and a final shipment of 683 remains was sent September 10 for that year. The article states that Egerton kept a boarding house in Baltimore after the war, and nearly every distinguished man who came to Baltimore to lecture at the Hopkins [Johns Hopkins University] either stopped with her or visited her house. In the absence of any other explanation for the connection, it is possible that Weaver might at some point have visited the medical community in Baltimore and been a guest at Mrs. Egertons house. Notations like east of Mr. E. Pitzers house in meadow under peach tree and under walnut tree at bend of the road on Mr. Crawfords farm 3 miles from Gettysburg on Marsh Creek are common. Biggs must have been very good with animals, historian Gabor Boritt writes in his 2006 book The Gettysburg Gospel. Most were unrecognizable.. Mark Samuel (Roanoke) won by decision over Evan Lindner (Dec 8-3) Cons. He and his team were searching only for boys in blue our fallen heroes to be removed to Gettysburgs new National Cemetery. Weaver combed through the battlefield, identified Union and Confederate burials, and carefully disinterred Union soldiers for removal to the new cemetery. Biggs also discovered that forty-five dead Confederates were buried on the farm, according to the website Pennsylvania Quest for Freedom. We have relinquished to you all our assets [and] have ever since felt that our responsibility was at an end. Nearly all were buried hastily. Samuel married Catharine. The ladies ignored the board and immediately went to work. By then, the family had $1,000 worth of property and enough room for a farm hand. This unfortunate result of the battle wouldnt be Biggs only encounter with dead soldiers in Gettysburg. Biesecker, won the government contract to exhume the bodies of Union soldiers and rebury them in the Gettysburg (or Soldiers) National Cemetery. He did not give up, however. Capt. Besides private efforts, in the years after the war the task of mourning the dead and building a Confederate memory fell to the ladies of the South, and numerous Ladies Memorial Associations sprang up. He had also been assured by Captain Dimmock in early 1872 that the ladies had $4,000 in hand for the Gettysburg dead., Unfortunately for Weaver and the ladies of the HMA, their funds had been deposited with Maury & Co., a Richmond banking house that fell victim to the Panic of 1873. Research genealogy for Samuel Weaver of Gettysburg, Adams, Pennsylvania, USA, as well as other members of the Weaver family, on Ancestry. On Thursday he ate his dinner with the family after which he said he did not feel well, and would go upstairs . Dr. Moses D. Hoge thanked God that our sons and brothers had been returned from their graves among strangers.. He was born in Iowa and raised in a remote cabin with his parents and siblings, and he was indoctrinated with Christian fundamentalist and white supremacist views; his mother, the religious head of the family . Residents carried around bottles of peppermint oil and pennyroyal to mask the stench. Weaver used the hook to probe into clothing pockets for items that might help with identification, according to a witness. His parents (identified in his death certificate) were William Biggs and Elizabeth Bayne (or Boyne), and theres good reason to believe, based on evidentiary clues and DNA testing, that William Biggs was a white man, descended from a Benjamin Biggs, with a white wife (not Elizabeth!) Samuel Weaver is the shorter person on the far right with the long beard and notebook in his hand. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2008. Because of this acceptance, Southern women were able to construct the beginnings of a Confederate memory surrounding the emerging Confederate cemeteries. Weaver and his men, led by a free black subcontractor named Basil Biggs, dug up 3,354 Northern soldiers and moved them to the new cemetery from Oct. 27, 1863, to March 18, 1864, according to Weavers official report. It appears that Egerton might have taken a different tack this time, for in 1902 a member of the Richmond chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy reported to the HMA that an appeal had been made to UDC chapters across the South for the funds needed to pay the remaining debt owed to Weaver. The first African-American Civil War soldier to be buried there was Henry Gooden, 127th USCT, in 1884 (this was a re-burial, since Gooden had originally been buried at the Adams County Almshouse burying-ground).But, Guelzo was quick to add, no others were buried there until 1936. What this meant, Guelzo suspected, was that a de facto segregation policy was the rule until then. Accordingly, some [t]wenty-nine black Civil War veterans were buried before 1920 in the colored cemeterythe Lincoln Cemetery [or Good-will Cemetery, since it was originally created by a black mutual-aid society, the Sons of Good-will]on Long Lane.. How did this happen? I then saw the body, with all the hair and all the particles of bone, carefully placed in the coffin.. Pennsylvania, USA Death: Aug. 31, 1807 Adams County Pennsylvania, USA. BEATY - TWINAM, Married on the 27th ult by the Rev. The Gettysburg dead came home. She is currently pursuing her PhD at West Virginia University with research on mental trauma in the Civil War. Cons. He was born February 13, 1932, in Carlisle, PA. Photographs of soldiers corpses remind us of the unfathomable human cost of the Civil Warboth for the nation as a whole, as Drew Faust writes in This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War, and for individual families. He is also editor-in-chief ofThe Root. William Samuel Weaver Obituary. Michael E. Ruane is a general assignment reporter who also covers Washington institutions and historical topics. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. In her bookThe Colors of Courage: Gettysburgs Forgotten History, Margaret Creighton notes that Biggs began working for others at the age of four. Allen Guelzo, author of Gettysburg: The Last Invasion,identifies him as a free black teamster in Baltimore., Although much about Biggs early years remains unclear, it is certain that in 1858 he moved his family from the slave state of Maryland to the free state of Pennsylvaniato a little town called Gettysburg. Father Samuel supervised the process exhuming the remains of all Union soldiers fallen during the Battles of Gettysburg and Hanover. His tombstone in Mount Vernon Cemetery in Philadelphia is a simple affair, engraved only with his name, date of birth, and date of death. While the Union dead were quickly moved to their new resting place in the cemetery, the Confederate dead were left in their battlefield graves. A payment of $3,000 to Weaver was included in the general appropriations bill. Round 2 - Evan Lindner won by major decision over Taylor Weaver (Delaware Valley) (MD 12-1) Cons. Weaver reported that 979 of the bodies he exhumed were nameless.. <p>William Samuel Weaver aged 90, of Carlisle passed away November 21, 2022, at the Church of God Home in Carlisle. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. Because the United States Government would only inter Union soldiers in the national cemeteries, these Ladies Memorial Associations took charge of creating Confederate cemeteries and holding Memorial Day ceremonies to honor the dead. By 1850, census records show they were free and owned $300 worth of real estate. Even though Biggs didnt live to see that day, he had seen other harrowing days, especially before the Civil War. Thats exactly what our investigation bore out. His name, if it could be learned, might be penciled on a board stuck in the ground or carved in a nearby tree. Gettysburg must have appealed to him as a safe haven for his family, in a state famous for its long history of opposing slavery. Invalid memorial. His son was also named Samuel Weaver. It appears that Weaver received no payments from the HMA between July 1873 and December 1878, at which time he must have again asked Egerton for help. He suhsequently practiced law for two years with his uncle, Isiah Dill, at Hanptaville, Ala. but in 1860 returned to this state, settling in Lewisburg. Dr. Samuel Weaver son of Samuel Weaver, gave them their sons back. Was it that the Gettysburg National Cemetery was officially closed to black soldiers of the Civil War? In the immediate post-war period, the South had to focus on physically rebuilding its infrastructure and rebuilding its ties with the north; it did not have the money or resources to tend to the Confederate dead. They suggested that the ladies sign over to Dr. Weaver their claim against R.H. Maury & Co., amounting to about $3,800 at that time, acknowledging that that amount fell far short of the approximately $12,000 owed. Samuel Weaver reported 3,512 total Union bodies "taken up and removed to the Soldiers' National Cemetery" October 27-March 18.: . . New York: Alfred A. Kopf, 2008. Deavere Smith always knew she could claim all of American history as hers, but now she knows that her ancestor was a pivotal actor at the center of one of our most important chapters. Weaver praised the ladies for their efforts but stopped short of calling the debt settled. In making the dead and their families whole, Biggs saw a way to make his family whole. The result was that many fallen soldiers went unidentified. The funds were deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the order of Mrs. A.D. Egerton of that city. Reading his claim for damages, calculated at $1,506, we can see that he lost everythingfrom livestock to crops to furnitureeven his reserves of jams and jellies! In 1863, Samuel Weaver carefully exhumed thousands of Union bodies from Gettysburg battlefield for burial in the new National Cemetery. As always, you can find more Amazing Facts About the Negro onThe Root, and check back each week as we count to 100. Weaver was far less sanguine than the ladies about the prospects of recovery from the Maury estate. Each time a dead soldier was dug up on the shattered battlefield here, the short, bearded figure of Samuel Weaver was there with his iron hook to ensure that it was not a rebel. Of the 137 sets of remains sent to Raleigh and honored with a dedication ceremony on October 1 were 45 soldiers buried at Camp Letterman and 27 buried at the Jacob Hanky Farm on the Mummasburg Road, which served as a field hospital for Maj. Gen. Robert Rodes Division. In the months and years after the titanic Civil War battle here in July 1863, Weaver was part of a vast and grisly enterprise in which the bodies of thousands of soldiers, first Union and then Confederate, were exhumed and moved. As that information becomes available, this list will be updated to include the new . During that summer of 1871, the family of Lt. Col. David Winn of the 4th Georgia contracted with Weaver to collect and return his body, which had been buried on the David Blocher Farm. Southern mothers still had no sons to bury. After all, Gettysburg was less than 10 miles from the Mason-Dixon Line! This reference book provides information on 24,000 Confederate soldiers killed, wounded, captured or missing at the Battle of Gettysburg. Eighty-four sets of remains were sent to Charleston, where a dedication ceremony was held on May 10, 1871. The man holding the notebook is Samuel Weaver, Peter's father. . The third result is Samuel A Weaver age 80+ in Pittsburgh, PA in the Upper Lawrenceville neighborhood. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896. He then wrote the name, company and regiment of the soldier on the coffin and numbered it. In a letter written to the family on October 9, 1871, Weaver referred to Blochers depravity and meanness but assured them that other graves were being cared for and respected by the landowners. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. Hanover photographer Peter S. Weaver, who operated a studio on Baltimore Street, recorded this view dated February 6, 1864. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Husband of Ann Jackson married [date unknown] [location unknown] Husband of Elizabeth (Bygrave) Weaver married 1625 in Jamestown, James City, Virginia, United . A Civil War veteran, he enlisted in York September 4,. As Creighton reveals, By November 19, 1863, when Edward Everett and Abraham Lincoln spoke to the throngs at Gettysburg, Basil Biggs and company had reburied close to a thousand men. Appalling post-battle scenes had prompted Pennsylvania Gov. 1810-1813 Marriage Notices from The Centinel newspaper, in Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania. It engaged my time from April 19th to Sep 10th 1872, & from April 9th to Oct 3rd 1873 with the exception of seven weeks which I spent in Washington, D.C. obtaining data and copying over 14,000 names etc from the original records of the Confederate dead. Mrs. Egerton would act as intermediary between Dr. Weaver and the HMA for the next 30 years. Despite their promises to pay, the ladies and the community lost interest after the dead were interred and Weaver never received the money they owed him. Deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the website Pennsylvania Quest for freedom that they free. 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